1. Letter from the Argentine government to its Brazilian counterpart informing on its resolution to defend its sovereign rights on Uruguayan territories, 1825.
1. "Kingdom of Serbes, Croats and Slovenes" (Yugoslavia) founded, Belgrad, 1918.
1. Assaults on the Gustav Line begun by Allies, 1943.
2. Hernán Cortés, Spanish conqueror of Mexico, dies, 1547.
2. Pope Pius VII crowns Napoleon as Emperor in Paris, 1804.
2. Napoleon defeats Austro-Russian troops at the Battle of Austerlitz, 1805.
2. Inauguration of the first underground train service in the city of Buenos Aires, 1913. The first line ran between Plaza de Mayo and 11 de Septiembre squares, and was subsequently expanded to Primera Junta. Expectations were so high that 150,000 people rode the train that day.
3. Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Spanish soldier, dies, 1592.
3. General Carlos de Alvear is appointed Argentine Ambassador to the United States of America, 1823.
3. America expels German military attachés, 1915.
4. France declares war on Naples, 1798.
4. Anglo-French war summit at Calais, 1915.
4. German Patriotic Service Law passed under the Hindenburg Programme, 1916.
5. Napoleon leaves French troops under the command of ... Murat in Russia, 1812.
5. General George A. Custer is born in Ohio, 1839.
5. Beginning of Republicans offensive in Teruel, Spain, 1937.
6. The Buenos Aires Government Junta decrees the exile of Anastasio Duarte for drinking a toast to the "king" honoring the President of the Junta and commander of Infantry Regiment No. I, Colonel Cornelio Saavedra, 1810. As a result of said toast, Doctor Mariano Moreno, Secretary of the Junta, said: "… no inhabitant of Buenos Aires, whether drunken or asleep, shall speak against the freedom of his country". Later on, the Junta passed a decree that stated: "... toasts shall only be offered to the country, to the glory of its arms".
6. British forces capture Cawnpore, India, 1857.
6. Soviet troops begin counterattack under Marshal Georgi Zhukov before Moskow, 1941.
7. Marshal Michel Ney, Duc d'Elchingel, Prince de la Moscowa, is executed in Paris, 1815.
7. Battle of the La Argentina frigate against Malaysian pirates, 1817. The ship, during its privateering in the Pacific Ocean against Spanish maritime trade, was attacked and boarded by the crew of several pirate junks, who were defeated in a bloody man to man clash. The commander, Captain Hipólito Bouchard, ordered all surviving pirates aboard one of the junks and bombed it with his artillery.
7. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor and Hawaii, 1941.
8. Artillery Sergeant Major, bearing the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, Friar Luis Beltrán dies in Buenos Aires, 1827. He was born in Mendoza on September 8, 1784. He first studied in the San Francis Convent School and became a Franciscan priest in Santiago de Chile. He excelled in mathematics and enjoyed mechanics. An advocate of the emancipation of the American continent, he enrolled in the Army of the Andes. One of the most significant obstacles which General San Martín confronted in the organization of his army was the lack of weapons and foundry workshops. Friar Luis Beltrán, with scarce means and resources, built cannons and different elements for the crossing of the Andes and the Chilean campaign.
8. The German East Asiatic Flete of Admiral Graf von Spee is destroyed at the Malvinas/Flakland Islands, 1914.
8. French forces join the Italian Front, 1917.
8. Australia, Britain and the US declare war on Japan, 1941.
9. Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden, is born in Stockholm, 1594.
9. Battle of Ayacucho, 1824. The battle was fought on a plain known as Pampa de Ayacucho -Corner of the Dead in the Quechua language-, on Peruvian soil. The independentist coalition, with some 6,000 men of units from the Great Colombia, Peru and Argentina, was led by Venezuelan Marshal Antonio J. de Sucre. The Spanish army, composed of almost 10,000 men, was commanded by the Viceroy of Peru, Lieutenant General José de la Serna. The Argentine forces, which included the Mounted Grenadiers, were the core of the allied formation, under the command of General William Miller. Sucre had taken a position that could only be attacked from the front, for both its flanks were located in almost inaccessible gullies. The Spanish army, deployed in the Condorcunca hill, launched the first attack very forcefully. After a hard battle, the Spanish effort was repelled and the Viceroy was wounded and taken prisoner together with a large number of his troops. This victory sealed the independence of the South American countries from Spanish rule. Tradition has Published the Ayacucho March (Marcha de Ayacucho), written by Major and Band Director Hugo L. Melo in TR020103 Marches and Bugle Calls of the Argentine Army.
9. Joseph Stalin, Soviet tyrannous, is born in Georgia, Russia, 1879.
9. Population of the City of Buenos Aires, 1908. According to data from the municipal Statistics Directorate there were 1,121,819 inhabitants as of November 30, 1908.
9. British forces capture Jerusalem, Palestine, 1917.
9. British begin offensive in North Africa by attacking Sidi Barrani, 1940.
10. Declaration of War of the Brazilian Empire to the United Provinces of the Plata, by the Emperor of Brazil, Peter I, 1825. During the government of General Juan Gregorio de Las Heras there was a patriotic revolt against the Brazilian occupation of the Eastern Bank (today the Republic of Uruguay) and a request to be rejoined with the United Provinces, which was granted by the Congress convened in Buenos Aires. This motivated the declaration of war that led to a military victory for the Argentine Republic.
10. Battle against Indians, 1876. An Indian attack led by Indian chief Pincén invades the territories extending up to Fort General Levalle and Junin, in the Province of Buenos Aires. There they were faced by the garrison troops under the command of Colonel Manuel Sanabria and Commander Ataliva Roca, who defeated them and managed to rescue several women held prisoners.
10. Starting of the "Black Week" for the British Army at South Africa, 1899. On that day soldiers of the Highland Brigade (Black Watch; Gordon Highlanders; Seaforths and the Highland Light Infantry), were ambushed by the Boers army and in amurderous cross fire 1.000 men were struck down at the Magersfontein Line. At the same time, at Stormberg, General Sir William Gatacre led a night attack, and also they were ambushed with a lost of 100 men killled and 600 token prisioners. But the main think was to come: On the 15th. near Colenso, an strong British force., with its artillery reinforced with naval guns from HMS Terrible were crossing the Tugela River, at Natal. A well covered and waiting Boers army, leaded by General Louis Botha was not answering Briotish fire. When Brits started to cross an engineers bridge, the whole northern flank broke into flames by the furious fire of the Boers with theirs nonsmoke powder Mauser's German rifles, producing a real disaster at British forces. After those three disastrous actions at Magersfontain, Stormberg and Colenso, several important decisions were taken in England: new forces were dispatched at once to Southern Africa; also two brillant officers, Field Marshal Lord Frederick S. Roberts VC, as C-in-C, and his chieff of staff Lord Horatio H. Kitchener of Khartoum, later C-in-C, were appointed for directing new operations. The Black Week was to transform the British army into a force capable of fighting a modern war. The Brits learned from the Boer farmers to fight and won under new war conditions.
10. First French Champagne Offensive on the Western Front (to 17-03-15), 1914.
10. Sinking of the battleship HMS Repulse, 1941.
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